现浇混凝土薄壁管桩复合地基桩土应力比影响因素分析   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

刘汉龙  张波 《岩土力学》2008,29(8):2077-2080

桩土应力比是复合地基设计计算中一个重要参数。基于盐―通高速公路单桩复合地基静载试验,通过有限元模拟,研究了褥垫层模量和厚度、桩体模量、桩长、基础刚度等影响因素对现浇混凝土薄壁管桩复合地基桩土应力比的影响。结果表明所建立的模型是合理的。褥垫层模量增大或厚度减小导致桩土应力比增大,桩体模量、桩长和基础刚度的增加可使桩土应力比增加。  相似文献   

某土石坝心墙料和坝基料动模量阻尼特性的试验研究     

张茹  陈群  何昌荣  费文平 《岩土力学》2008,29(Z1):79-84

土石坝震害将导致严重后果,目前国内外修筑于地震区的土石坝在抗震设计时都进行了动力分析。室内动力试验提供土石料可靠的动强度和动力参数是土石坝地震动力分析准确性的关键。水牛家心墙土石坝坝高100多米,大坝设防烈度9度,采用动三轴仪,对其坝基②层细砂砾料和心墙防渗土料进行大量的动力特性试验研究,分析两种土料的动模量阻尼特性,并简述其影响因素。分析试验结果有：使用一个试样完成三个不同的围压力?3c或固结比Kc,与《土工试验规程》推荐方法相比,大大减小了试验和分析工作量, 且有相当的规律性和准确程度;动模量阻尼比的主要影响因素是动应变幅、围压力、固结主应力比、孔隙比等。动应变水平影响动模量阻尼成倍增减,动模量随围压力?3c增减而增减,阻尼比D随?3c的升高而略有减小,动模量和阻尼比随固结比Kc增减而增减,Kc从1到2可使心墙土料的Edmax增加60％左右;土类不同,模量阻尼也不尽相同。水牛家心墙料的动模量较高,阻尼比较小,不易产生动力破坏。  相似文献   

横观各向同性冻土弹性常数及强度预测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王正中  牟声远  牛永红  陈立杰  刘军  刘旭东 《岩土力学》2008,29(Z1):475-480

在分析冻土形成过程及其组构前提下,从冻土细观结构特征出发,将冻土视为由冰层与干硬土层黏结组成的横观各向同性固体介质。根据复合材料力学理论,求出冻土各向同性面内及面外的弹性模量和泊松比;基于Tsai-Wu 准则,预测了横观各向同性冻土的强度。根据实验数据,分析了不同组分对冻土弹性常数及强度的影响。在工程应用中可根据环境温度及土质、系统有无水分补给、温降速度与冻结速率是否同步、冻土受力方向与冻结封面方向的具体情况选用即可,从而大幅降低室内外试验次数。为冻土工程数值计算奠定了基础,为进一步了解冻土力学特性提供了理论依据  相似文献   

青海表土花粉分布规律及其与植被的关系   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

魏海成  郑卓  马海州  潘安定  黄康有  罗传秀  郑艳伟  王志英 《干旱区地理》2009,32(6)

对青海地区63个样点进行植被调查及表土样点分析结果显示:青海地区山地针叶林、针阔混交林、高山灌丛-灌丛草甸、温带草原、灌木-半灌木荒漠及高寒荒漠植被区均有相对独特的花粉组合特征。乔木类中桦呈超代表性,云杉、柏、杨属呈低代表性;灌木、草本中白刺、沙拐枣、柽柳呈低代表性,蒿、藜、麻黄呈超代表性,蔷薇科金露梅、银露梅在自身为优势种的落叶灌丛群落中呈低代表性,在针阔叶林、灌丛草甸过渡带中呈适中代表性。禾本科、莎草科、菊科、豆科、十字花科呈低代表性。A/C值在不同生态环境下的变化幅度较大,但数据组显示A/C值中位数值由半干旱向干旱植被区逐次降低,如草甸和草原为4.14,高山灌丛为2.93,荒漠草原为1.22,荒漠灌丛为0.13,荒漠戈壁为0.05。可见,A/C值能很好地反映环境干湿程度,是环境干旱程度的良好指标。  相似文献   

科尔沁沙质草甸土壤微生物数量的垂直分布及季节动态   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王少昆  赵学勇  左小安  郭轶瑞  李玉强  曲浩 《干旱区地理》2009,32(4)

通过对中国农牧交错带科尔沁沙质草甸土壤微生物数量的垂直分布及其季节动态的研究分析表明:(1)微生物总数、细菌和放线菌数量均表现出与降雨量同步的季节动态,即6月份较5月份有所减少,7月份增至最多,7月份以后微生物数量逐渐下降,真菌则表现出从5月份到8月份一直增加,9月份开始回落;(2)土壤微生物具有明显的垂直分布差异.细菌和放线菌的垂直分布表现出随土壤深度增加逐渐减少的趋势,真菌数量表层最高,20 cm以下变化不够规律;(3)土壤微生物的层化比率均大于2(5月份放线菌除外);(4)不同土壤生态因子对微生物的影响不同,相同因子对不同微生物类群的影响也不相同.细菌受水分影响较大,真菌与地温的变化趋势相近,放线菌与水热条件的共同作用有关.土壤养分(有机碳和全氮)与微生物数量呈显著的正相关.  相似文献   

有孔虫壳体内草莓状黄铁矿成因及其地质意义——以湖北雁门口地区栖霞组有孔虫化石为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李洪星  陆现彩  边立曾  许伟伟  李娟  张壮志  赵华平  宫红良 《高校地质学报》2009,15(4):470

在湖北省京山县雁门口地区栖霞组上部的含泥灰岩中存在丰富的节房虫科底栖有孔虫化石,主要有节房虫属、厚壁虫属和郎格虫属,壳体均被草莓状黄铁矿充填。对其系统的显微镜、扫描电镜观察和黄铁矿的能谱分析结果发现,黄铁矿草莓体直径最大为15 μm,平均约10 μm,硫铁原子比值（S/Fe）为1.90±0.10,表明在黄铁矿形成过程中,有孔虫壳体空腔内呈轻度- 中度贫氧的微环境。在分析该类黄铁矿成因的基础上,认为有孔虫壳体内的黄铁矿在指示沉积环境和保存环境方面具有局限性。  相似文献   

Transport of oceanic nitrate from the continental shelf to the coastal basin in relation to the path of the Kuroshio   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ryo Sugimoto  Akihide Kasai  Toshihiro Miyajima  Kouichi Fujita 《Continental Shelf Research》2009,29(14):1678-1688

Hydrographic and biogeochemical observations were conducted along the longitudinal section from Ise Bay to the continental margin (southern coast of Japan) to investigate changes according to the Kuroshio path variations during the summer. The strength of the uplift of the cold deep water was influenced by the surface intrusion of the Kuroshio water to the shelf region. When the intrusion of the Kuroshio surface water to the shelf region was weak in 2006, the cold and NO₃⁻-rich shelf water intruded into the bottom layer in the bay from the shelf. This bottom intrusion was intensified by the large river discharge. The nitrogen isotope ratio (δ¹⁵N) of NO₃⁻ (4–5‰) in the bottom bay water was same as that in the deeper NO₃⁻ over the shelf, indicating the supply of new nitrogen to the bay. The warm and NO₃⁻-poor shelf water intruded into the middle layer via the mixing region at the bay mouth when the Kuroshio water distributed in the coastal areas off Ise Bay in 2005. The regenerated NO₃⁻ with isotopically light nitrogen (δ¹⁵N=−1‰) was supplied from the shelf to the bay. This NO₃⁻ is regenerated by the nitrification in the upper layer over the shelf. The contribution rate of regenerated NO₃⁻ over the shelf to the total NO₃⁻ in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer in the bay was estimated at 56% by a two-source mixing model coupled with the Rayleigh equation.  相似文献   

Extreme wave event along the Guyana coastline in October 2005     

Mathijs van Ledden  Geoffrey Vaughn  Joost Lansen  Frank Wiersma  Mewburn Amsterdam 《Continental Shelf Research》2009

The objective of the research is to analyze in detail the causes and consequences of the unusual event at the coast of Guyana (South America) during October 16–19, 2005. Several sea defense structures were damaged and flooding of low-lying areas occurred. A data analysis of offshore wave and water level characteristics shows an abrupt change in wave direction from east to almost north on October 16, 2005 and a sudden increase in the offshore peak period up to extreme values. The offshore significant wave height was also relatively high, and these wave characteristics coincided with springtide conditions. The long-wave periods and the sharp transition in wave direction indicate that this event is associated with swell waves generated by a depression far away. An analysis of hurricanes and depressions reveals that a severe depression in the Northern Atlantic Ocean during October 11–15 was the origin of this swell event. Numerical computations with SWAN have been carried out to investigate the propagation of the offshore wave characteristics towards the shoreline. The SWAN model includes wave damping due to the presence of soft mud deposits. A calibration of the parameters has been carried out using joint offshore and onshore wave data from November 2006. The numerical simulations of the event in October 2005 clearly demonstrate that the mud banks damp the wave heights, but have almost no effect on the peak period. The resulting waves at the steep sea walls can be classified as surging waves causing severe runup and overtopping. The obtained insights are translated into practical recommendations for the Guyana Sea and River Defence Division in Guyana to build a sustainable management and maintenance of the sea defenses in the future.  相似文献   

Distribution of uranium isotopes in the main channel of Yellow river (Huanghe), China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xueyan Jiang  Zhigang Yu  Teh-Lung Ku  Xinglun Kang  Wei Wei  Hongtao Chen 《Continental Shelf Research》2009

Uranium isotopes were measured in waters and suspended particulate matters (SPM) of the main channel of Yellow River, China that were sampled during four field trips between August 2005 and July 2006. The results show that the concentration of dissolved U (2.04–7.83 μg/l) and the activity ratio of ²³⁴U/²³⁸U (1.36–1.67) are much higher than the average U concentrations and activity ratios of global major rivers. Mass balance calculations using the results of simulated experiments and measurement data show that the section of the Yellow River between Lanzhou and Sanmenxia has its dissolved U derived from two sources: suspended sediments (68%) and groundwater/runoff from loess deposits (32%). Both sources are related to the heavy erosion of the Chinese Loess Plateau.  相似文献   

不同型号仪器水位记震能力对比分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

廖丽霞  陈昌泳  倪晓寅  吴楠楠 《地震研究》2009,32(2)

通过对地震时不同型号仪器及不同采样率获取的水位观测曲线进行对比分析,结果显示:目前我国数字化水位观测的两种主要观测仪器ADP系统与LN-3(A)在记震能力上的差别主要是由采样率不同引起的,与仪器性能及水井的深度关系不大.由于水震波的持续时间一般只有几分钟,因此只有加大采样率,才能记录到波型更为完整的水震波和更为丰富的水震波震例.分析认为,数字化水位观测必须最终向实时记录的方向发展,才能更真实准确地反映地球内部应力的瞬时变化的真实信息,不至因采样率不足而使短周期信息遗漏,同时也更有机会捕捉到前驱波及区域应力场的变化.  相似文献